论人类体形环境规划会议对梁思成建筑教育思想的影响*

The Impact of the Conference on Planning Man’s Physical Environment on Liang Sicheng’s Architectural Educational Philosophies

摘要:

梁思成的建筑教育思想对中国建筑教育的发展具有深远影响。1947 年 3 月，梁思成参加了普林斯顿大学举办的人类体形环境规划会议。会议从人的需求出发提出体形环境的整体观念，并对第二次世界大战后的建筑和城市问题以及建筑教育的发展进行讨论。在该会议的启发下， 梁思成提出“体形环境论”，将除建筑外的城市规划、造园和工业艺术等也纳入建筑学科的范畴，并对学院派和包豪斯建筑教育理念加以整合。回国后，梁思成围绕“体形环境”在清华大学进行建筑教育改革实践，建立了以营建“适用、坚固、美观”的体形环境为目标、多学科综合的通识教育体系。

Abstract:

Liang Sicheng’s profound influence on the evolution of Chinese architectural education is welldocumented. In March 1947, Liang participated in the Conference on Planning Man’s Physical Environment hosted by Princeton University. This pivotal event, grounded in addressing human needs, fostered a holistic perspective of the physical environment. It delved into architectural and urban challenges and contemplated the future of architectural education in the post-WWII era. Inspired by the insights gained from the conference, Liang formulated his theories of the physical environment, encompassing architecture, urban planning, landscape design, and industrial art within the architectural discipline. He seamlessly integrated educational principles from both the Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus traditions. Upon his return to China, Liang spearheaded a transformation of architectural education at Tsinghua University, with the philosophy of the physical environment at its core. He introduced a multidisciplinary liberal arts curriculum aimed at crafting a physical environment characterized by utility, durability, and aesthetic excellence.