从“诗意造园”到“知夫画脉”——寄畅园改园之较

The Transition from “Poetic Gardening” to “Picturesque Gardening”: A Comparative Study of Jichang Garden

摘要:

无锡锡山秦氏寄畅园 400 年不曾易姓，有清晰的历史演进脉络并且保存较好，是园林史重要的研究对象。 寄畅园图文资料丰富，尤以秦耀时期和乾隆南巡时期为最， 具备复原研究的充分条件。以 20 世纪 30 年代童寯先生所绘寄畅园平面图为复原研究起点，在仔细耙梳现状遗存信息基础上，经过图像比较，复原设计乾隆南巡时期寄畅园。 以数字模型方法复原秦耀时期寄畅园，并尝试探寻张鉽改园前后的因承变化。在复原研究基础上，结合现状遗存中的有效信息，对张鉽改造前后的寄畅园进行比较研究，探究何谓“知夫画脉”，如何以土山戴石的假山形式摹写江南山水形貌，实现“混假于真”的天然意境。并研究其在“宛若画意”造园动机下对园林结构的调整、动势掇山的节奏控制手法及因此获得的画意风格。对这两个时期寄畅园的复原研究和比较研究可为其诸多研究方向夯实基础。

Abstract:

Jichang Garden in Wuxi emerges as a pivotal subject of inquiry within the annals of landscape architecture, distinguished by its well-defined historical evolution and impeccable preservation. Rich visual documentation and materials chronicling Jichang Garden, especially for those during the Qin Yao and Qianlong’s southern tour eras, furnish ample prerequisites for comprehensive restoration research. Initiating the restoration inquiry from the 1930s plan of Jichang Garden meticulously crafted by Tong Jun, this paper systematically examines extant information and employs image comparison techniques to undertake a restoration design of Jichang Garden during Qianlong’s southern inspection. Furthermore, it endeavors to digitally reconstruct Jichang Garden during the Qin Yao period while delving into the transformations wrought by Zhang Shi’s garden reform. Beyond restoration efforts, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of Jichang Garden before and after Zhang Shi’s alterations, unraveling the nuanced intricacies of the “landscape picture” interpretation. It explores the portrayal of Jiangnan’s landscape morphology through earth mounds and stone rockeries, thereby encapsulating the natural artistic essence of “picturesque”. Additionally, this research scrutinizes garden structural adjustments, momentum rhythm control, and the resultant picturesque style. By juxtaposing these two distinct periods, the investigation paves a robust foundation for various research trajectories concerning Jichang Garden.