19世纪中叶以前西方汉学研究视角下的中国陵墓及丧葬观念*

Western Sinology Perceptions and Discourses on Chinese Tombs and Funeral Concepts Prior to the Mid-19th Century

摘要:

近代以来，国内学术界已从不同领域陆续整理和吸纳了较多 1840 年以后西方关于中国陵墓的研究成果，成绩斐然。然而，即使学界已将国外汉学纳入本土学术视野中，也主要集中于语言学、历史学、社会学等层面，鲜有从建筑视角出发，对 19 世纪中叶以前西方关于中国墓葬建制研究成果的总结探讨。因此，本文谨将该时期的部分重要史料著述校核整理，以汉学研究的发展进程为脉络，结合建筑学和学术史视角，分三个阶段对过往成果进行归纳总结，尝试探明西方对待中国陵墓及丧葬观念的看法，汲取其知识论的成果，借鉴其方法论的学术思维。

Abstract:

In modern times, scholars in the Chinese academic sphere have undertaken extensive research from various disciplines, systematically synthesizing Western research findings on Chinese tombs post-1840 with notable success. However, it is important to recognize that while Foreign Sinology has been integrated into local academic discourse, the focus has primarily centered on linguistics, history, sociology, and related fields. There has been a relative dearth of comprehensive studies that specifically examine Western research on the Chinese burial system before the mid-19th century, particularly from an architectural perspective.This paper aims to compile significant historical materials from this era, contextualize them within the development of Sinology research, and adopt a dual perspective, encompassing both architectural and academic history. It aims to consolidate prior achievements in three distinct phases, endeavoring to shed light on Western perceptions of Chinese tombs and Funeral Concepts, assimilate the theoretical contributions of this knowledge exchange, and glean insights from academic methodologies employed in this context.