溯源维特鲁威人的本义

Trac ing the Original Meaning of Vitruvius Man

摘要:

维特鲁威建筑论的核心是“建筑人体摹仿论”。遵从技艺创制的摹仿论，他构建了一个抽象的理想人体，以之作为建筑创制所摹仿的原本。以希腊化时代的“知识统一论”来溯源理想人体的本义，人的形象寓意人神同形的理性灵魂、人体比例的本质属性在于完美数及其可推演的关系、四肢展开的圆方外形指涉宇宙秩序。而体现建筑本质属性的均衡比例，也因摹仿而具有与理想人体“同一” 的属性。以此为基础，并依照时代的科学论，维特鲁威创建了古典科学意义上的建筑学。

Abstract:

Vitruvius’ architectural theory centers on the “principle of emulating the human form in architectural design”. In alignment with the doctrine of imitation in artistic creation, Vitruvius formulated an abstract idealized human body as the archetype for architecture to replicate. This concept was influenced by the Hellenistic era’s “theory of the unity of knowledge”, where the ideal human body symbolized the rational soul shared by both gods and humans. The fundamental characteristics of human body proportions were grounded in precise numerical relationships, while the circular and square contours of human limbs were representative of the cosmic order. As a result of this emulation, symmetry in architecture also assumed attributes akin to the ideal human body. Vitruvius, building upon this foundation and in harmony with the scientific theories of his era, established architecture in the classical scientific context.