全球建筑史方法论:批判与重构

A Methodological Approach to Global Architectural Historiography: Critique and Reformulation

摘要:

近年来，建筑史书写采用了更具包容性的方法， 融合了不同的声音和观点。尽管有这些进展，现有的建筑史和全球史还存在很多知识盲点、错误和扭曲。本文挑战长期以来主流建筑通史所仰赖的一些基本概念，如风格和运动，提出新方法论，为探索更为精准的全球建筑史书写铺平道路。该方法论强调建筑不同于其他类型的审美对象 （如绘画、雕塑）和设计产品（如汽车、家具）的三个基本特性：建筑为人类存在方式和活动提供空间秩序；建筑的实现有赖于建构、技术、材料和劳动力的整合；建筑是一种集体表达媒介，由不同社会力量之间的相互作用所塑造， 同时也影响着它们之间的相互作用。本文提出的建筑史学三元方法论反映并更新了维特鲁威三元论：以在世性取代实用，建造性取代坚固，交互性取代美观。

Abstract:

Architectural historiography has evolved in recent years, embracing a more inclusive approach that incorporates diverse voices and representative viewpoints. Despite these progresses, knowledge gaps, errors, and distortions persist in both existing architectural history and global history. This paper challenges the long-held assumptions such as style and movement in mainstream history survey and outlines a new methodological roadmap for global architectural historiography. It highlights three essential attributes that differentiate architecture from other aesthetic objects (such as painting and sculpture) and design products (such as cars and furniture): architecture orders bodily activities and conditions human existence ; architecture necessitates the integration of tectonics, technology, material, and labor in construction; and architecture serves as a collective expressive medium, influenced by and contributing to the interaction between various social forces. The new triological methodological approach mirrors but goes beyond the Vitruvian Triad, with the existential replacing utility, the constructional replacing solidity, and the interactive replacing beauty.