州卫并置背景下的蔚州城民居空间模式研究

Research on the Spatial Pattern of Residential Buildings in Yuzhou from the Perspective of the Juxtaposition of Zhou and Wei

摘要:

明洪武时，蔚州城出现了州卫并置，即军事与民事两套体系并存的管理模式。州卫并置是农耕与游牧文明冲突的特殊体现，也是明王朝军事与行政并行之疆土管理模式的缩影，对城池空间布局与建筑空间模式产生持续而深远的影响。在州卫并置的背景下，蔚州城发生了一系列深刻转变：城市性质由长城沿线的军事重镇演变为张库商道上的商贸中心；占据主导地位的居民从军官将士转变为文人官吏再到商户巨贾；民居分布情况也由明代军民分居于内城东西，到清代商户崛起后逐渐向西北外城拓展。由此， 可以将蔚州城划为内城东区、内城西区、外城西区、外城中区以及外城北区五个分区，以此归纳各分区的民居空间模式及其历时性演变。除外城北区民居样本不足难以考证之外，其余四区民居的空间模式各不相同，与各区历史背景、居民社会经济条件有密切关系。

Abstract:

Yuzhou has supported the coexistence of two systems, military and civil, since the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. The juxtaposition of Zhou and Wei represented the clash between agricultural and nomadic civilizations and epitomized the parallel military and administrative-territorial management systems of the Ming Dynasty, which had a profound and lasting impact on the spatial layout and architectural patterns of Yuzhou. The ancient city underwent significant changes as a result of the Zhou and Wei juxtaposition, evolving from a military town along the Great Wall to a center of commerce and trade along the Zhangku trade route. The dominant inhabitants of the city changed from officers and soldiers to civil officials to merchants, and the distribution of the city’s residential areas also changed from the Ming Dynasty. The military and civilians once resided in the southern part of the city to the east and west, but merchants gradually expanded to the outer city northwest during the Qing Dynasty. As a result, Yuzhou can be divided into five subdistricts: the Eastern Inner City, Western Inner City, Western Outer City, Central Outer City, and Northern Outer City, to summarize the spatial patterns of dwellings in each sub-district and their evolution over time. The spatial patterns of homes in the other four districts differ, with the exception of the northern part of the outer city, where the sample of dwellings is insufficient for verification.