故宫养心殿花洋布及其裱糊相关问题探析

The “Western-style Cloth” and its Wallcovering Adhesive at Yangxindian in the Forbidden City

摘要:

2019 年，故宫博物院对养心殿进行了全面的修缮和保护。修缮过程中，项目组在养心殿正殿佛堂及东围房部分区域，发现了墙壁裱糊中一种较为特殊的花洋布，进而对花样分布区域及叠压关系等信息进行了详细记录与整理，并利用扫描电镜、拉曼光谱等仪器对其进行了科技检测。结合文献和相关背景材料分析可知，两层花洋布编织方式、纹饰均相同，采用印花染色工艺，染料亦相同，极有可能为同一批次的机械纺织布。其生产时间上限应为 1887 年。裱糊方式为竹纸做底，其上糊布。佛堂区采样点的花洋布有可能在短时间内经历了二次糊饰。至迟在光绪三十二年（1906）年末，养心殿区东间、后殿、工字殿乃至整个寝宫均糊饰该材料。

Abstract:

In 2019, the Forbidden City carried out a comprehensive restoration of Yangxindian (Hall of Mental Cultivation). During the restoration process, a certain type of fabric (huayangbu or “western-style cloth”) was found that was pasted on the walls of the main hall and eastern side halls . Several experiments were conducted in which the fabric properties were recorded and analyzed, for example by using a scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. Combined with the analysis of literature and related background material, it can be seen that the fabric layers used the same method of weaving and decoration as well as the same way of printing and dyeing. The fabric was probably mechanically woven, not later than 1887. Bamboo paper was used as a base for the paste by which the fabric was glued on the wall. It is possible that the fabric was pasted twice within a short period of time. At the end of emperor Guanxu’s 32^nd reign year, the eastern side halls, the rear chamber, the gongtype chamber, and the entire bedroom of Yangxindian all used this type of cloth.