武当山金殿制造技术试析与相关分析技术探讨

The Production Techniques of the Golden Hall in the Wudang Mountains and Their Instrumental Analysis

摘要:

金殿是中国古代一类特殊的建筑。它们数量稀少， 价值珍贵，往往建造于重要的场所。虽然采用金属(主要是铜合金)制造，但中国古代的金殿并未特化出一套属于金属建筑的造型逻辑，而是保留了木构建筑的造型特征。 建造于明代早期的武当山太和宫金殿就是其中的重要代表。 由于武当山金殿构件加工误差极低且构件间的组合严丝合缝，为传统研究技术的应用带来不少挑战。近年来无损检测、数字化测绘等新兴技术的兴起，为深入探究金殿制造技术及金属建筑与木构建筑构造上的异同提供了新的方向。 这些技术在武当山金殿研究中的运用也为其在文化遗产领域的应用评估提供了很好的样本。本文一方面尝试探索武当山金殿的制造技术，另一方面讨论相关新兴分析技术为古代建筑，尤其是金属建筑的研究可能带来的帮助。

Abstract:

The ‘Golden Hall’ (jindian) is a rare and precious type of building in imperial China that was usually erected at an important site. Although this hall was made of metal, especially copper alloys, it retained the form of timber-framed architecture rather than following the structural logic of a metal building. The Golden Hall in the Wudang Mountains stands out among the rest. Its architectural components have a very small deviation and are connected by extremely precise joinery, which posed a challenge for the traditional methods of surveying. The use of new technology, such as nondestructive testing (NDT) and digital surveying, allows for a deeper understanding of the design and production techniques of the hall and for a better comparison between historical metal and timber construction. This paper thus not only explores the specific techniques that were used during the building process of the Golden Hall in the Wudang Mountains; it also examines the impact of technologyaided research methods on the study of traditional Chinese architecture in general.