明代海西女真首位聚落的军事防御体系研究*

The Military Defense System of the First Haixi Jurchen Settlements during the Ming Dynasty

摘要:

从首位聚落的概念分析出发，通过对明末海西女真的重要组成部分——扈伦四部：叶赫、乌拉、辉发、哈达四部聚落遗址的考察研究，阐释四部首位聚落在其部族中突出的政治及军事作用。同时从四部城址地理环境、社会关系、城防建设等几个方面进行对比分析，着重研究四部首位聚落逐步形成过程中的军事防御体系建立与城址空间形态特征，并从中总结明代中后期女真人在城防建设方面的营城思想与应对智慧。

Abstract:

The paper explores the earliest settlements of the four tribes (Yehe, Wula, Huifa, Hada) of the Hulun confederation of Haixi Jurchen and explains their important strategical role for the Jurchen unification. Through comparative analysis of the natural environment, social relations, and urban defense structures, the paper demonstrates the gradual establishment of a military defense system and urban morphology that highlights Jurchen thought and practice in urban defense planning and management from the mid- to the late-Ming dynasty.