绘画资料中所见的宋代建筑避风与遮阳装修*

Decorative Architectural Elements Represented in Song Paintings

摘要:

施用于建筑外檐的装修构件，不仅具有避风、遮阳、调节建筑室内温度的功能，也是建筑外观形象的重要组成部分。虽然现存早期建筑遗构中保存的此类构件很少， 为系统深入研究这些构件的形制和用法带来了一些困难， 但两宋的建筑绘画中保存了相当多当时外檐装修的图像资料，能够补充实物资料的不足。本文即通过对这些图像资料的考察与分析，结合《营造法式》等文献的记载，讨论宋代建筑中常设于建筑外檐，起避风遮阳作用的擗帘竿、 避风?、障日?、引檐四类构件的形制与用法，以及由此产生的丰富多样的建筑外观效果。

Abstract:

Decoration is an important factor of a building’s external appearance. Not many exterior decorative elements have survived dating prior to the Yuan dynasty, but Song and Yuan paintings often depict them. Through image analysis, extracting meaningful information from these images, combined with the specififications recorded in Song building standards (Yingzao fashi) and other historical texts， this paper discusses the form, installation, and use of several decorative elements such as piliangan, bifengta, zhangrita, and yinyan, as well as the diversifified architectural appearance produced by them.