从南京中华门外砖构穹窿顶浴室看元、明时期东西方建筑文化交流

The Domed Bathhouse Near Zhonghua Gate of Nanjing and the Architectural Exchange between East and West Asia in the 13th and 14th Centuries

摘要:

南京中华门外大报恩寺遗址公园对面，有一座砖构穹窿顶的浴室建筑，俗称瓮堂。本文基于 2019 年该建筑的三维扫描测绘数据，对其形制特点进行分析。在此基础上，本文认为这座浴室应是明初作为大报恩寺的附属建筑建造的。这种砖构穹窿顶浴室建筑形制来源于西亚，元代开始进入中国内地，明清时期在江南地区广为流行。作为一种生活建筑，它见证了元、明时期中国和中亚、西亚之间丰富、深入的建筑文化交流。

Abstract:

Outside the Zhonghua Gate of Nanjing, opposite to the Grand Bao’en Temple Heritage and Scenic Area, there is a historical bathhouse, a domed structure known as Wengtang (Vase Hall). According to historical literature, the bathhouse was built and attached to the Bao’en Temple in the early Ming dynasty. Based on data obtained through 3D laserscanning of the building, this article analyses the characteristics of its layout and form. Through comparison with Islamic bathhouses, the article suggests that this kind of domed structure was introduced to China from Central and West Asia in the Yuan dynasty and bloomed in the Chinese Jiangnan area in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Therefore, the Nanjing bathhouse bears witness to the lively exchange of architectural ideas among regions in Asia during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.