宅庙与教堂——建构视角下闽东近代早期天主教堂与乡土建筑同构性研究(1840—1900)*

Isomorphism of Catholic Churches and Vernacular Architecture in Eastern Fujian During the Early Modern Period(1840-1900)

摘要:

本文试图通过对闽东早期天主教堂的类型学研究来探究闽东天主教堂与乡土建筑的关联性。以内在的视角和类型学的方法，通过对关联性的溯源、教堂原型的选择机制及基型建构方式的研究，得出闽东近代早期天主教堂与乡土建筑均基于传统民间工匠体系，具有同构性的结论。 闽东近代早期“中西合璧式”天主教堂有别于基督教本地化时期的“中国式”教堂，对此进行的研究，有助于推进对近代教堂认识的深度和广度。

Abstract:

The article explores the relationship between Catholic churches and vernacular architecture in eastern Fujian province through a typological study of the churches that were built in that region during the early modern period. Considering the traceability of this relationship, the mechanism behind the selection of Chinese- or Western-style church prototypes, and the influence of local construction methods, the article argues that Fujian’s early-modern churches and houses are both expressions of the same traditional craftsmanship; they represent two isomorphic groups with the same properties. Moreover, as early-modern Fujian churches blending Eastern and Western elements differ fundamentally from those built in the Chinese style during the Sinolization Period(after 1900s), this study proves useful for broadening and deepening our understanding of modern Chinese churches.