《大壮室笔记》堂室格局研究的重要意义及近期探索*

On the Signifificance of the Study of Hall/Room Patterns in Dazhuangshi Biji

摘要:

刘敦桢先生《大壮室笔记》等系列论文所论述的周制“前堂后室”格局的延续性问题，是隐含在建筑史中的一条内在线索，对研究礼制影响下建筑形态的演化有重要意义。结合相关史书记载和近年来的考古成果进行延伸考察，笔者推断堂室格局及其功能在魏晋南北朝时期走向分化，出现了“前后殿、东西堂”的组合形制，而在主殿 (前殿)内部及士大夫住居的“厅事”等礼仪空间中仍见维持旧制。

Abstract:

In his Dazhuangshi biji, Liu Dunzhen identifies the continuity of the spatial pattern of “front main hall with rear bedroom” (qiantang houshi) as a key criterion for and clue to Chinese architectural history. This continuity is significant for the study of architectural transformation stimulated by etiquette, social customs, and rituals. Based on historical documents and recent archaeological excavations, the paper explores the diversification and division of hall and room spaces/ functions during the period of the Six Dynasties. Although the new composition of “front and rear palatial halls with less eminent halls on both sides” (qianhou dian, dongxi tang) emerged at that time, the traditional pattern still continued to have appeal for ritual spaces, for example the front hall in the palace or in the houses of scholar-officials.