略论中国古代建筑设计媒介——从萃赏楼烫样残片谈起*

Preliminary Discussion on Architectural Design Media in Imperial China: Starting with a Paper Model Fragment Discovered in the Lush Scenery Building

摘要:

本文聚焦 2019 年故宫博物院宁寿宫萃赏楼保护工程期间发现的烫样残片，通过结合萃赏楼建造历史背景， 分析烫样残片的材料工艺和形式特点，推测其原始使用语境和功能。在此基础上，本文尝试展开讨论烫样作为中国古代建筑设计媒介——木样、烫样、图样、术语——之中的重要组成部分，所能够反映出的清代宫廷建筑设计工作的运行模式、规则和行业特点。

Abstract:

The paper focuses on a set of paper model (tangyang) fragments that were found during the conservation of Cuishang (Lush Scenery) Building located in the Garden of Longevity and Tranquility in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Through analysis of the historical construction and furnishing activities of Cuishang Building, paired with the detailed observation of the material and the technical and stylistic characteristics of the fragments, the authors interpret the function and the context of the original model and shed light on the use of a ‘toolbox’ for design in imperial China. This toolbox contains all kinds of design tools, ranging from wooden models and paper models to architectural drawings and the technical terminology describing parts of the buildings. Ultimately, this can help us to better understand the modes and rules and the high level of professionalism in design during the Qing dynasty.